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PROPOSED 


PRESENT MoTTAY 
SUBWav STATON, 


JEROME AV. BRANCH 
OF NEW SUBWAY 
(mow Bemes BUILT) 


Sik ROSS HERE, 


OD AVE 


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aa 
rag tS 


STREET BRIDGER 


MARKET 


For THE 


BOROUGH 


orTHE BRON X 


SHOWING 


THE VIAD 
THE TERM 


£.H. JANE. 
A.W. CORD: 


UCT over 
INAL R.R. 


Ee ARCHITECTS 


Borough President Miller, Who Is Chairman of the Commission on Markets, Has Had Prepared a Detailed Set of Plans for the Proposed Bronx Market, Which May Serve As a Model for the Other City 
Markets. To bea Wholesale, Not Retail Market And Is to be Located Along the Harlem River and Connected With the Bronx Industrial Railway 
Suggested by President Miller. Cost Estimated to be Nearly $8,000,000. 


atueien Jetermining the! 
causes of the in the} 
price of foodatufta which has taken| 
place in the last ten or twelve years, | 
have in New York, a8 in| 
other large American éittes, there was| 

of effort in transportation 


and considerable loss and 


Th 


for 


remarkable rise 


shown that 


costly was 
ming 
of th 
k of modern market facilities. 
this revelation, 
‘Mayor's Market 
which was to examine 
conditions in the City of 
York and to report upon a plan to 
change the conditions so an to reduce the 
of handling foodsturte. 
Prewident Cyrus CG Miller, 
who Is an ardent advocate of the 
tion of muntolpad markets for this pur- 
ebairman of the Com- 
mission, of which John Purray Mitchel, 
and George McAneny are the other mam- 
bers. An Advisory Coromnittee also was 
@ppointer, composed of marketmen, 
Duslbessmen ond others, whose expert 
ence apd Knowledie of the subject made 
thelr advice valuable, 


foodstuffs themselves 


@ result Mayor 

nor appointed the 
>inmisslon. 
market 


Now 


Borough 
crea- 


‘The Committee, 


he members of this Committe are as 
follows 

John Aspergren, vice-pres, N, ¥. Pro- 
@uce Exchange: Mra Elmer Black, Edw- 
ard 8, Boynton, president, Amorfoan 
Real Estate Company: Franklin Brooks, 
a John Buckle, president, 
Gansevoort Market Businexsmen'a As-| 
foclation: Henry Dunkak, ex-pres, New 
York Mercanule Exchange; | Emil 
Fiolach}, produce commission merchant; 
Charles Haslop, retail grocer; Mra. Jul- 
fan Heath, , Hourewives’ League 
Gorl A. Koplach, pres, Washington Mar- 
ket Merchants’ Aus'n; Nelson P. Lewis, 
chief engineer, Board of Estimate and 
Richard W. Lawrence, North Side Board 
of Trade. 

L. J./IAppmann, secretary, N.Y. 
Branch, National League of Commission 
Merchants se V. Mullan; Mra. 
Lewls Nixon, Progressive Economie 
Club; William Church Osborn, Stato 
Food Investigating Commission; George 
& Otis, West Washington Murket As- 
goclation, William R. Patterwon. Aasist- 
ent Conimissi of Public Works, 
Munhattan; Joveph & Smith, Produce 
Commission merchant; R. A. Smith. 
Dock Commissioner and Mrs. Flora 
Bpleselberg. 

The erection of wholesale terminal 
markets at the following plices will be| 
suggested by the Commisulon in Its 
fortheoming report 

Gansevoort Market, Manhattan; 
Jom River Market, the Bronx; Walla- 
bout Market, Brooklyn; St | George, 
Staten Island; Greenpoint, Brooklyn or 
Long Island City 


jorney at law 


Har- 


Commission Prepares Plans, 


The Commission decided to prepare 
# set of plans for the Bronx Market In 
och detail that it would serve ox 8 
model for other markets, This marke: 
x modern In every sense of the word 
{ta fonction fm not ro provide a place 
Where the farmer or producer can sell 
retail directly to the consumer, 

Kew" Yore: Mike moat other metropoll? 


PLAN OF 


Jorn 


tan citles, has grown 0 large. both in 
ares and Ih population, that it has bi 
come physically impossible for the 
nelghboring producers to bring enovgh 
supplies to the market, and for the 
consumer to go to market for his «mall 
daily needs 


A Waolesale, Wot Retail, Market. 


The proposed market is primarily na 
wholesale market. designed to. recelve| 
foodstuffs from everywhere—by rail, by 
boat and by farmer's wagon—and to 
Aistribute them among the retajlers| 
who are performing to-day the fonc:| 
tion of suppving the ultimate con-| 
Tt will handle foodsturts with! 
Waste of effort and with the 
deterforation in quality, and! 
keop them In storage at the 
undor the most perfect condi-| 
tionx until the consumer wants them. 
‘The muniolnnl nuthorities may here ex 
erclae a control over the mothods of 
buying and selling suMeclent to counter= 
Act violent Nuctuations In prlee and un- 
Jost nrica fixing 

‘The effect of collecting t 
nly for that section of the; 
place will bo to enable t 
thoritiex sto Inspect the 
oughly, and to prevent Inj 
wuts from Relni Introda 
market or sold there. ‘The 


least 
nmallest 
it wil 
market 


dun- 


the sala of Impure foods tn 

in ‘the same way that 

States Government farhiageimuroner 
f the mails. The effect of this| 

protection of the food sunply of the 

Clty would be very beneficial 


Location of Bronx BMarkot. 


The propnred market occuples two 

parcela of land, One, with an area of 

about 185 pores. han roughly the shape 
very flat triangle. 

Tts broad base extenfn along Fxterfor 
St, which {3 the mareinol street alone 
the Harlem River, from the 14th St | 
bridge to the Iist St bridcer {ts} 
northerly side I® formed hy Girt St 
whioh fs parallel with the traoks of 
the New York Central Railroad, run- 
ning from Mott Haven to the Harlem 
River: and its easterly wide t= formed 
by Riyer Ave, from I5let St to the) 
149th St Bites nnproach, This} 
parcel 1a covered by the market rall- 
rood vard. by the power house and) by 
@ sroup of buildings, | 

The other narcel covers 2.75 ncres 
and {x hounded by River Ave. 16st St. 
Walton Ave. and 149th St, and In cov- 
ered hy another grown of hvildings 

Two slips on the Harlem River, at) 
the foot of 161xt St, wi) accommodate 
vensela bringing foodstuffs to market. 
The goods can be quickly unloaded to 
the sheds on the adjacent plers for 
immediate eale or for storage. or t 
may be removed to the market building 
for cold or other stornze by trolley 
cars, which run from the pler sheds 
Into the market buildings. 


Tndvstrial Ba'lrond. 

Tho proposed industria! railroad 
along the Harlem waterfront will pars| 
by the market. As this rallroad will 
eerya to connect the Pennsylvanta- 
Long Island-New Haven item with 
the New York Central xystem, as well 
as with the Bronx terminals of the 
Tersey Central, Lehigh Valley and 
other lines, all the railroads which 
now supply New York with food- 
stuffa will be brourht not only to tho 


“awitohing cara. 


Jor hi 


very doors of the market, pot Into’ tha 
hasements of the market Dbull#ings 
thpmeclves. | 


LOWER LEVEL. 


The Lower Level will be given over to the railway 
Facilitieg will be so generous that 410 cars can be unloaded at once. 


Central Situation. 
will 


The situation of the market I= cen-| at 


tral. Although located {f the. Bronx, 
{t Is not exclusively a Bronx market. 
The River bridges on the 
south, and the 161s St. and Washing- 
ton bridges on the north, Tead) Into 
broad avenues with light grades. which 
bring the market within ensy reach of 
the -xhole of Manhattan Borough 
above 110th St, a section of the City 
which Is at present singularly unpro- 
vided with market facilities of any’ im 
portance 

Besides serving the Bronx and upner 
Manhattan, the market sill also gorve 
ax a base of supplies for Mt Vernon. 
New Rochelle and a part of Yonkera. 

Tt has been laid ont on Ines broail 
enough to uupply’ the needs of a pont 
Iation which. according to the estimates 
of competent authorities, will be 
largely {n excess of 9,000,000 in 1940, 


Harlem 


Ground or Track Devel. 


‘The ground or track level of the 
et is desiened to act mm a verita- 
ich frefeht yard on the indux- 
way. Experience tn forelgr 
wettest gstudy of tte pu 
bd of the market and of the 
of the fndustrint raitway, 
own that this fe the only 
method of track arrangement which 
will satiwfy the reanirements ® Tits 
level has therefore heen divided into: 
(1) A general frefght yard of 8,55 
acres. to he used for storing and 
and for unloading dl- 
rectly from cars to trucks or drays, or 
vice verea 
(2) A section under one of the rouna 
dings where the cars are brovght 
side of bread unlonding platformn 
capacity. Broad driveway 
these plntforms! will enabto 
to remove so much of the 
goods ax In not Intended to be storel 
in the buflding above, Elevators and 
utalrwaye are provided for transferring: 
koode from these platforms to the 
ficors above for sala or for cold or| 
other storage, 
(3) A section under the other group 
of buildings where the tracks run 


alongs 
f nmplo 
between 


wagons 


The 


Only trucks engageddn market trafilc 


have to croys the raiirond tracks 


‘grids, and 


general 


this at well 


Guarded: 
crossings, not over the main tracks 
strest {raMe from 
bridges and from the adjacent otreets, 
as well as the geneval market 
will be exposed neltii¢r to the detays 


the 


trailc, 


can be loaded without obstructing tho 
general atrest traiic. 

At the northerly end of this group 
Is the administration building It con- 
talns, bealdes the administration and 


for gos aré never stacked so com- 
puctly on the platforms as In the cara, 
Lndinterruptions to tramMc or conges- 
jon on the tracks must he guarded 
Sgalnst by insuring the romoval of 


Dreciatfon and repairs, and also the tax 
on tho value of the ground. 


‘The Economies 
‘Tho market, with its sales agents, 


other offices, an auction room, covering|gocds a soon as tvey arrive, without|wifl automatically perform the centrale 


144,000 square feet. 
No proviilon has been mado in this 


Tegard to tho subsequent 
made of these goods. 


disposition 
These platforms 


{zing function which {8 now performed 
by the market agents and collectors, 


A—Buildiijgs: In this section will be located the Auction Room and Buildings devoted to the handling of Butter and 
Eggs, Poultry, Fish, Fruit and Groceries. : 


B—Buildi 


Here also will be handled Groceries, Butter and Eggs, and Fish, besides Vegetables, Sugar and Flour. 


along platforms which cannot be 
reached directly by wagons, 
which numerous elevators can remove 
the goods rapidiy to the upper floors. 
The floors on the street level of the 
pulldings In this group are devoted to 
stnls where goods may be exposed for 
sale, and where buyer and seller can 
come fogether. sample the goods, and 
buy In smaller quantities than would 
probably he handled In the other bulld- 
Ings, which are devoted to the handling 
foods sent on consignment. 


The Railroad Yard, 


The raltroad yard is spannod by the 
power plant. which will supply all the 
bulldings with: refrigeration, and: with 
heat and Mght That part of Exterlor 

t. which runs from the approach to the] 
149th St bridge to the Jerome Ave. 
bridge. will be carrfed on a vinduct. 

‘Dhe lower, or track and pier level, 
will be reached from the streets above 
by four ramps, or Inclined approaches 
on easy gradea which are so located aa 
to separate, where possible, the op- 
posing currents of tramMc. 

Experience in otter cities has shown 
that these churente are always heavy, 
and that theyrresult In intolerable con- 
geation unless properly regulated. 


of 


ton 


yard from 


signment, 
Storing or nob 
forms on the trick Ibvel, which havo, Duidings without obstricting the Ken- 
‘an fren of 149,000 squges feet, and tho! éral traMc The strevt floor level of 


but. from} nor to the dangers insident 
crossings at grade. 

On this 
and to a large extent probablyysold, all 
the market goods brought 
| Products arriving by 
also find accommodation on th: 


level 


will also be 


tn > 


‘Upper or Strett Level. 


bulldings, 


the 


east of River 


Ave, and 149th St 


ent 


iy 


p railroad! 


inlonded, 


boat. 


(arm-wagon can 


Tho upper or street leve) aXows the 
power plant, which sans thejraliroad) tation and marketing methods, otc. 
River Ave. to 
St viaduct; the group of butldi 
of Rivar Ave. bounded by 

1Sist St, Exterior St and the}ra{irond) 
yard to the south; and the othtr group] voted to stuffs which are to be sold to 


exterior 


wost 


Rifer Ave. 


‘Ave 


bounded by River Ave, 161st St, Wal- Who wi:l Inspect and sample the goods, 


In the buildings of the first group 
are handled foodstufs 


on con-| 
whether such stuffs require) 


‘The, vnlonding pint- 


betwhen them, which 
Joading of 626 


(novel of goods goods may be expoxed for sale and for 


the 


separated by dr 


> 
AHP: 


« 


a 


track s and platforms with special section for refrigerator cars, 


Teast 


group of bulldings for stalls, stands, 
etc, for smoll trade. Should those ba 
found necessary they can be easily pro- 
vided, . 
Experlence in other Inrge cities has 
demonstrated the wiidom of permit- 
ting the minuter detailu to be shnped by 
the market conditions, which are co} 
Stantly varying In response to the 
changes In business methods. transpor- 


Other Group of Buildings. 
The other group of bulldings Is de- 


open market buyers or to conxumera, 
Jand will genorally buy In smaller quan- 
titles. Tt conslats of nine buildings 
four stories high sbove the streot level. 

Ap In the other group, driveways pro- 
vide eamy access for wagons to nil tho 


each of these buildings im divided {nto 
stores or siatls and stands. where 


sampling: 

‘The upper floors are devoted to cold 
and other stornge of goods, and may 
possibly be used Inter for further ex- 
tending the number of stalls. Numer 
ous elevators connect the platforms on 
the raflrond level with the floorm above, ' 
but no goods can be unloaded to trucks | 
directly on the track level of this 
buriding. 

‘The platforms und elevators ure so! 
Infa out In hoth groups of buildings 
that goods from any car can be.ensily 
brought to any building above with the 
least amount of handling. Numerous 
ght shafts provide proper ventilation, 
and Wghting on all floors. 


410 Cars Can Be Unloaded at Once. 


act as regulating rescrvoirs—they take 
care of the daily fluctuations In the ar 
rival and departure of goods, which 
must be made Independent of each 
thir in order to ‘Insure the most effi: 
Cent utilization of the Limited track- 
Bge facilities, 


‘The Sélling Space. 


Tho selling space provided on tha 
Stroet level In the second group of 
bulldings {x 279,860 square fost. or 
about 1,600. square feot per carlond per 
maximum doy tn 1919, and 620) quare 
feet per carload per maximum day In 

0, 
| These areas, when tested by tho ox- 
perlonca with selling spnco In markets 
of foreign cities, are none too great.’ 
}Phey would, in fact, be too small were 
thore not m ponsibility of extending the 
|market over tho rajlrond yard, plers, 
|etc. and to tho upper floors of the! 
pulldines 

The gros# storage space in both 
groups of buildings 1s 1,680,000 square 
fect Fatimates of tho quantities of 
commodities that have to be carried 
lover from season to season. and ~of 
jthe helght to which they can be 
stacked In the storeroom, show that 
by 1940 the capacity of the market 
Will be more than fully utilized. 


Concentrating Power. 


Experlence In other cities has shown 
that the concentrating power of a cen-| 
tral wholesale market Is #o intenne 
that all who can aynil themselves of 
the stornge space will do at the 
earliest possible moment. Hence Jl 
the space provided In tho market Is 
wure, of occupancy soon after the erec- 
Hon of the market 

Further expansion may be provided 
for by making the foundation of 


‘The number of cars that can be un- 
Toaded at the eame time In the pro-) 
posed market Is 410. An estimate 
‘ehich {3 based on the population to bo 
eerved, on the character of goods 
reaching the market, on the average 
loud broveht In by ench car, and on| 
Ihe senson’s fluctuations In the quan- 
titles of goods brought into the city. 
shows that {n 1940 an average of 300 
carloads of goods will arrive in the 
market per day, while the maximum 
may rire to 495 carioads ner day. 

‘As the commodities will have to bs 
unloaded practically at the same time, 
If the present method of sending goodn| 
fo market can be used as a criterion. it 
will be seen that tho trackage fucill- 
Hew are none too ample. Further ac- 
commodations may, however, be pro- 
vided on the pliers and by {mproved 
methods of shipping and 

The platform areas avaliable adajcent 
to ihe railroad tracks are: In th 
group of busldings, 149,000 equare feet: 
fn the second grovp, 352.000 square 

et. After sllowance fu» been made 
for the space that moat be left unob- 
structed, the platform ares remaining 
fs about twice as grrat as that of the 
maximum dally number of cars which 
are expected to arrive In 1940, 

While ample, thin Is not excessive, 


handling. | 


first! 


the structures capahle of bearing ad- 
ditional stories when required 
spaces over the pliers and over the rall- 
road yard. which ure now left uncov- 
erd. provide room for further expati- 
lor. 

The neceanity for the market. 
ever, can be proved neither by the per- 
fection of its architectural or of Its en- 
gineering features alone, nor by tho ex- 
cellence of jis ‘oration alone, These 
are but elements which contribute to 
tts power of reducing the price of food- 
stuffs to consumers, which Is the only 
criterion for Judging of the necessity 
of the market 


Estimated Cost Wear $8,000,000, 


It Is estimated that the entire market 
structure will cost. $7,850.00, ‘Thix 
does not Includs the Exterior St. vin- 
Guct or the aetual track Iaying. ole- 
Tents which are not properly charge- 
[able to the market } 

The ground will cost 22,000,000, A 
yeurly rental of 5 centa per squarn 
foot of 1,070,000 square feet availably| 
for renting In the building alone, will| 
return 7 per cent. on the entire Invest~ 
ment. This 1s more than ts requireds 
to cover the fixed charges of Interest 
land sinking fund, the charges for di 


and to @ limited extent by the varioun 
growers’ organizations This should 
eliminate, say, from & par cent. to 5 
per cent. of the present retail price of 
goods. 

Tho cost of repeated handling, after 
the goods reach tha City, will bo 
Inrgely reduced hy the proximity of 
{he storage hovses to the cars and 
hoats The cost of storage will be 
reduced by the centralization 6f the 
mechanfeal and refrigerating facilities. 

Ths cost of msurance will be rer 
duced by the modern structures The 
Tossen now incident to the onavoldable 
exposure of goods, careless handling. 
loss of time and enerey In obtaining 
the several articles of food from widely 
scattored places, will surely be elfm!- 
nated. 

Tt Is hard to place an exnct figure on 
them, but approximate estimates ahow 
that It cannot be far from 15 por cent. 
of the entire retail prices of the com- 
moditlen Fifteen ner cent. of $100.000,- 
000. the retail prices of the articles 
dealt In in the market, {p $15,000,000 
per your now, and will he $40,000,000 
pep yenr in 1940, for the population 
Using the market. This represents a 

ing Of $10 per capita per year, or 
38) per family, a very considerable 
fraction of a workingman's expanke 


Market Is Not to Produce Bevenus. 


It {not the nurnome of the market 
nystem, thot it mhall be used to produce 
reventié which may be apent on other 
phanna of the Citv's actlyitles—t, 6. to 
be used an a means of Indirect Lox 
tion. If the demand for space In the 
market exoreds the sunply, 0 that the 
curket In euicrooinded hy stores which 
bring In higher rentals than 0 In 
the market. then the marke! occu) 
Will be deriving 9 wperint henent while 
according to rigid nconomic Inwn. thes 
will not yoluntarily share with the 
public 
tn should 


oe 
of 
pravent 


cane the rents 
ralred, or. poamlbly. some 
price reumlation devired. 
the pomibility of such a conditinn artic 
hoe "een planned on» 
lorge weale to accommedinte 
at that point far many 


that 


ine the ma: 
su Molently 
all the trade 
yeara to come 

The Income then should enoueb 
only to cover exnennes. for | «re ts no 
more eovitable way of henefitine the 
members of the community than to let 
them enjoy the results ef thelr own 
coonomy directly. 


Action Is Urgent. 


With the necessity of the market es- 
tablished, the urgency of taking action 
At once must he emphasized. The com- 
pletion of the aubways will reautt In a 
rapid rire in the value of real ertate in 
that section, It Is not too much 10 say 
that there f not another plot of equal 
area in tho whole Clty which Is ao 
ideally sitented for market DUrpORes a= 
this. Should action be deferred too 
long, = valuable opportunity will have 
been lost, which can be recovered only 
at considerably higher cot or not 
at all. 


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